Prescription drug misuse and abuse is cause for great concern. As of 2008, teens cite prescription drugs as the second most accessable drugs available to them, after marijuana. Teens also view the drugs as 'safe' highs. Prescription drugs are medications that should only be used as prescribed. The addictive potential of prescription drugs is the same as that of illegal drugs -- such as cocaine or heroin -- and the consequences of use can be severe. The following pages contain lists of drugs prescribed and abused (by schedule). Research reports and articles for further information are at the bottom of the pages.
Opoid (analgesic/narcotic) drugs are the most commonly misused of prescription drugs. Below are the three categories of prescription drugs:
OPOID (OxyContin, Vicodin, Percocet), also known as analgesics or opiods are drugs that are prescribed for moderate to severe physical pain. They are abused because of their euphoric, sedating, and numbing effects. Narcotic abuse causes tolerance and dependence and the withdrawal symptoms are severe.
DEPRESSANTS (Xanax, Valium, Librium) are drugs that are prescribed to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. They are abused because of their sedating properties. With abuse, depressants cause tolerance and dependence and the withdrawal symptoms can be severe.
STIMULANTS (Ritalin, Dexedrine, Meridia) are prescribed to treat ADD/ADHD and other conditions such as asthma. They are abused because of their energizing and euphoric effects. Stimulants do not generally cause tolerance or dependence but abuse is associated with hostility and paranoia. There is also great risk for cardiovascular failure and seizures.
In the United States, the Controlled Substances Act divides drugs and medications into five schedules dependent on their potential for abuse. The list below contains many, but not all, commonly abused prescription medications:
Schedule I (high potential for abuse, has no accepted medical use in the U.S. and lack of safety for use under medical supervision)
Schedule II (high potential for abuse, has a currently accepted medical use, may lead to severe physical dependence or addiction)
| Alfentanil (Alfenta) | Methamphetamine (Desoxyn) |
Schedule III (has a potential for abuse less than Schedule I or II, has a currently accepted medical use, may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or addiction)
| Amobarbital compounds | Ketamine (Ketaset, Ketalar) Methyltesosterone (Android, Oreton, Testred, Virilon) Opium 25 mg/du (Paregoric) Phendimetrazine (Plegine, Prelu-2, Bontril, Melfiat, Statobex) |
Schedule IV (has a potential for abuse less than Schedule III, has a currently accepted medical use, may lead to limited physical dependence or addiction)
Alprazolam (Xanax) Lorazepam (Ativan) | Maxindol (Sanorex, Maxanor) |
Schedule V (has a potential for abuse less than Schedule IV, has a currently accepted medical use, may lead to limited physical dependence or addiction)
